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Settlement geography
Settlement geography is a branch of geography that investigates the earth's surface's part settled by humans. According to the United Nations' Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements (1976), "human settlements means the totality of the human community – whether city, town or village – with all the social, material, organizational, spiritual and cultural elements that sustain it".
== Classification ==
Traditionally, it belongs to cultural geography and is divided into the geography of urban settlements (cities and towns) and rural settlements (e.g. villages and hamlets). Thereby, settlements are mostly seen as elements of the cultural landscape that developed over time. Apart from Australia, Europe and India, the term is actually rarely used in English-speaking geography. One of the last English books on settlement geography was published by Cambridge University Press in the 90s. 〔Hornby W.F. and M. Jones 1991: ''An Introduction to Settlement Geography''. Cambridge, 151 pp. 〕 However, it is a traditional and actual branch in many other countries (e.g., German ''Siedlungsgeographie'', French ''Geographie de l'habitat'', Italian ''Geografia insediativa'', Polish ''Geografia osadnictwa'').
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